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+# RBD MIRRORING
+
+RBD mirroring is a process of replication of RBD images between two or more
+Ceph clusters. Mirroring ensures point-in-time, crash-consistent RBD images
+between clusters, RBD mirroring is mainly used for disaster recovery (i.e.
+having a secondary site as a failover). See [Ceph
+documentation](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/rbd/rbd-mirroring) on RBD
+mirroring for complete information.
+
+## Architecture
+
+![mirror](rbd-mirror.png)
+
+## Design
+
+Currently, CEPH-CSI generates its unique ID for each RBD image and stores the
+corresponding PersistentVolume (PV) name and the unique ID mapping, It creates
+the RBD image with the unique ID and returns the encoded value which contains
+all the required information for other operations. For mirroring, the same RBD
+image will be mirrored to the secondary cluster. As the journal(OMAP data) is
+not mirrored to the secondary cluster, The RBD images corresponding to the PV
+can not be identified without OMAP data.
+
+**Pre-req** It's expected that the Kubernetes Admin/User will create the static
+PersistentVolumeClaim (PVC) on the secondary site during the failover.
+
+**Note:** when the static PVC created on the secondary site we cannot use the
+VolumeHandle to identify the OMAP data nor the image anymore because as we have
+only PoolID and ClusterID in the VolumeHandle. We cannot identify the correct
+pool name from the PoolID because pool name will remain the same on both
+clusters but not the PoolID even the ClusterID can be different on the
+secondary cluster.
+
+> Sample PV spec which will be used by rbdplugin controller to regenerate OMAP
+> data
+
+```yaml
+csi:
+  controllerExpandSecretRef:
+    name: rook-csi-rbd-provisioner
+    namespace: rook-ceph
+  driver: rook-ceph.rbd.csi.ceph.com
+  fsType: ext4
+  nodeStageSecretRef:
+    name: rook-csi-rbd-node
+    namespace: rook-ceph
+  volumeAttributes:
+    clusterID: rook-ceph
+    imageFeatures: layering
+    imageFormat: "2"
+    imageName: csi-vol-0c23de1c-18fb-11eb-a903-0242ac110005
+    journalPool: replicapool
+    pool: replicapool
+    radosNamespace: ""
+  volumeHandle: 0001-0009-rook-ceph-0000000000000002-0c23de1c-18fb-11eb-a903-0242ac110005
+```
+
+> **VolumeHandle** is the unique volume name returned by the CSI volume plugin’s
+CreateVolume to refer to the volume on all subsequent calls.
+
+Once the static PVC is created on the secondary cluster, the Kubernetes User
+can try delete the PVC,expand the PVC or mount the PVC. Incase of mounting
+(NodeStageVolume) we will get the volume context in RPC call but not in the
+Delete/Expand Request. In Delete/Expand RPC request only the VolumeHandle
+(`clusterID-poolID-volumeuniqueID`) will be sent where it contains the encoded
+information related to ClusterID and PoolID. The VolumeHandle is not useful in
+secondary cluster as the PoolID and ClusterID always may not be the same.
+
+> In this design document we will talk about new controller(rbdplugin
+> controller) not replication controller, in next releases we will design the
+> replication controller to perform mirroring operations. The rbdplugin
+> controller will run as a sidecar in RBD provisioner pod.
+
+To solve this problem, We will have a new controller(rbdplugin controller)
+running as part of provisioner pod which watches for the PV objects. When a PV
+is created it will extract the required information from the PV spec and it
+will regenerate the OMAP data and also it will generate a new VolumeHandle
+(`newclusterID-newpoolID-volumeuniqueID`) and it creates an OMAP object for
+mapping between old VolumeHandle and new VolumeHandle. Whenever Ceph-CSI gets a
+RPC request with older VolumeHandle, it will check if any new VolumeHandle
+exists for the old VolumeHandle. If yes, it uses the new VolumeHandle for
+internal operations (to get pool name, Ceph monitor details from the ClusterID
+etc).
+
+Currently, We are making use of watchers in node stage request to make sure
+ReadWriteOnce (RWO) PVC is mounted on a single node at a given point in time.
+We need to change the watchers logic in the node stage request as when we
+enable the RBD mirroring on an image, a watcher will be added on a RBD image by
+the rbd mirroring daemon.
+
+To solve the ClusterID problem, If the ClusterID is different on the second
+cluster, the admin has to create a new ConfigMap for the mapped ClusterID's.
+Whenever Ceph-CSI gets a request, it will check if the ClusterID mapping exists
+and uses the mapped ClusterID to get the information like Ceph monitors etc.
+
+**This design does not cover the below items:**
+
+* Bootstrapping RBD mirror daemon.
+* Mirroring of PVC snapshots
+* Mirroring for topology provisioned PVC.
+* Documenting the steps to handle failover/fallback of an image.
+* Workflow of a Replication controller.
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