diff --git a/internal/health-checker/checker.go b/internal/health-checker/checker.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5eef779b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/health-checker/checker.go
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2023 ceph-csi authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package healthchecker
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// command is what is sent through the channel to terminate the go routine.
+type command string
+
+const (
+	// stopCommand is sent through the channel to stop checking.
+	stopCommand = command("STOP")
+)
+
+type checker struct {
+	// interval contains the time to sleep between health checks.
+	interval time.Duration
+
+	// timeout contains the delay (interval + timeout)
+	timeout time.Duration
+
+	// mutex protects against concurrent access to healty, err and
+	// lastUpdate
+	mutex *sync.RWMutex
+
+	// current status
+	isRunning  bool
+	healthy    bool
+	err        error
+	lastUpdate time.Time
+
+	// commands is the channel to read commands from; when to stop.
+	commands chan command
+
+	runChecker func()
+}
+
+func (c *checker) initDefaults() {
+	c.interval = 60 * time.Second
+	c.timeout = 15 * time.Second
+	c.mutex = &sync.RWMutex{}
+	c.isRunning = false
+	c.err = nil
+	c.healthy = true
+	c.lastUpdate = time.Now()
+	c.commands = make(chan command)
+
+	c.runChecker = func() {
+		panic("BUG: implement runChecker() in the final checker struct")
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *checker) start() {
+	if c.isRunning {
+		return
+	}
+
+	go c.runChecker()
+}
+
+func (c *checker) stop() {
+	c.commands <- stopCommand
+}
+
+func (c *checker) isHealthy() (bool, error) {
+	// check for the last update, it should be within
+	//
+	//   c.lastUpdate < (c.interval + c.timeout)
+	//
+	// Without such a check, a single slow write/read could trigger actions
+	// to recover an unhealthy volume already.
+	//
+	// It is required to check, in case the write or read in the go routine
+	// is blocked.
+
+	delay := time.Since(c.lastUpdate)
+	if delay > (c.interval + c.timeout) {
+		c.mutex.Lock()
+		c.healthy = false
+		c.err = fmt.Errorf("health-check has not responded for %f seconds", delay.Seconds())
+		c.mutex.Unlock()
+	}
+
+	// read lock to get consistency between the return values
+	c.mutex.RLock()
+	defer c.mutex.RUnlock()
+
+	return c.healthy, c.err
+}
diff --git a/internal/health-checker/filechecker.go b/internal/health-checker/filechecker.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4d7defc29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/health-checker/filechecker.go
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2023 ceph-csi authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package healthchecker
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type fileChecker struct {
+	checker
+
+	// filename contains the filename that is used for checking.
+	filename string
+}
+
+func newFileChecker(dir string) ConditionChecker {
+	fc := &fileChecker{
+		filename: path.Join(dir, "csi-volume-condition.ts"),
+	}
+	fc.initDefaults()
+
+	fc.checker.runChecker = func() {
+		fc.isRunning = true
+
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(fc.interval)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-fc.commands: // STOP command received
+				fc.isRunning = false
+
+				return
+			case now := <-ticker.C:
+				err := fc.writeTimestamp(now)
+				if err != nil {
+					fc.mutex.Lock()
+					fc.healthy = false
+					fc.err = err
+					fc.mutex.Unlock()
+
+					continue
+				}
+
+				ts, err := fc.readTimestamp()
+				if err != nil {
+					fc.mutex.Lock()
+					fc.healthy = false
+					fc.err = err
+					fc.mutex.Unlock()
+
+					continue
+				}
+
+				// verify that the written timestamp is read back
+				if now.Compare(ts) != 0 {
+					fc.mutex.Lock()
+					fc.healthy = false
+					fc.err = errors.New("timestamp read from file does not match what was written")
+					fc.mutex.Unlock()
+
+					continue
+				}
+
+				// run health check, write a timestamp to a file, read it back
+				fc.mutex.Lock()
+				fc.healthy = true
+				fc.err = nil
+				fc.lastUpdate = ts
+				fc.mutex.Unlock()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return fc
+}
+
+// readTimestamp reads the JSON formatted timestamp from the file.
+func (fc *fileChecker) readTimestamp() (time.Time, error) {
+	var ts time.Time
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(fc.filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ts, err
+	}
+
+	err = ts.UnmarshalJSON(data)
+
+	return ts, err
+}
+
+// writeTimestamp writes the timestamp to the file in JSON format.
+func (fc *fileChecker) writeTimestamp(ts time.Time) error {
+	data, err := ts.MarshalJSON()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	//nolint:gosec // allow reading of the timestamp for debugging
+	return os.WriteFile(fc.filename, data, 0o644)
+}
diff --git a/internal/health-checker/filechecker_test.go b/internal/health-checker/filechecker_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c67c5b84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/health-checker/filechecker_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2023 ceph-csi authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package healthchecker
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestFileChecker(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	volumePath := t.TempDir()
+	fc := newFileChecker(volumePath)
+	checker, ok := fc.(*fileChecker)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Errorf("failed to convert fc to *fileChecker: %v", fc)
+	}
+	checker.interval = time.Second * 5
+
+	// start the checker
+	checker.start()
+
+	// wait a second to get the go routine running
+	time.Sleep(time.Second)
+	if !checker.isRunning {
+		t.Error("checker failed to start")
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		// check health, should be healthy
+		healthy, msg := checker.isHealthy()
+		if !healthy || msg != nil {
+			t.Error("volume is unhealthy")
+		}
+
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+	}
+
+	if !checker.isRunning {
+		t.Error("runChecker() exited already")
+	}
+
+	// stop the checker
+	checker.stop()
+}
+
+func TestWriteReadTimestamp(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	volumePath := t.TempDir()
+	fc := newFileChecker(volumePath)
+	checker, ok := fc.(*fileChecker)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Errorf("failed to convert fc to *fileChecker: %v", fc)
+	}
+	ts := time.Now()
+
+	err := checker.writeTimestamp(ts)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to write timestamp: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	_, err = checker.readTimestamp()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to read timestamp: %v", err)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/internal/health-checker/manager.go b/internal/health-checker/manager.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ed78ec6fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/health-checker/manager.go
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2023 ceph-csi authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package healthchecker
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// CheckerType describes the type of health-check that needs to be done.
+type CheckerType uint64
+
+const (
+	// StatCheckerType uses the stat() syscall to validate volume health.
+	StatCheckerType = iota
+	// FileCheckerType writes and reads a timestamp to a file for checking the
+	// volume health.
+	FileCheckerType
+)
+
+// Manager provides the API for getting the health status of a volume. The main
+// usage is requesting the health status by volumeID.
+//
+// When the Manager detects that a new volumeID is used for checking, a new
+// instance of a ConditionChecker is created for the volumeID on the given
+// path, and started.
+//
+// Once the volumeID is not active anymore (when NodeUnstageVolume is called),
+// the ConditionChecker needs to be stopped, which can be done by
+// Manager.StopChecker().
+type Manager interface {
+	// StartChecker starts a health-checker of the requested type for the
+	// volumeID using the path. The path usually is the publishTargetPath, and
+	// a unique path for this checker. If the path can be used by multiple
+	// containers, use the StartSharedChecker function instead.
+	StartChecker(volumeID, path string, ct CheckerType) error
+
+	// StartSharedChecker starts a health-checker of the requested type for the
+	// volumeID using the path. The path usually is the stagingTargetPath, and
+	// can be used for multiple containers.
+	StartSharedChecker(volumeID, path string, ct CheckerType) error
+
+	StopChecker(volumeID, path string)
+	StopSharedChecker(volumeID string)
+
+	// IsHealthy locates the checker for the volumeID and path. If no checker
+	// is found, `true` is returned together with an error message.
+	// When IsHealthy runs into an internal error, it is assumed that the
+	// volume is healthy. Only when it is confirmed that the volume is
+	// unhealthy, `false` is returned together with an error message.
+	IsHealthy(volumeID, path string) (bool, error)
+}
+
+// ConditionChecker describes the interface that a health status reporter needs
+// to implement. It is used internally by the Manager only.
+type ConditionChecker interface {
+	// start runs a the health checking function in a new go routine.
+	start()
+
+	// stop terminates a the health checking function that runs in a go
+	// routine.
+	stop()
+
+	// isHealthy returns the status of the volume, without blocking.
+	isHealthy() (bool, error)
+}
+
+type healthCheckManager struct {
+	checkers sync.Map // map[volumeID]ConditionChecker
+}
+
+func NewHealthCheckManager() Manager {
+	return &healthCheckManager{
+		checkers: sync.Map{},
+	}
+}
+
+func (hcm *healthCheckManager) StartSharedChecker(volumeID, path string, ct CheckerType) error {
+	return hcm.createChecker(volumeID, path, ct, true)
+}
+
+func (hcm *healthCheckManager) StartChecker(volumeID, path string, ct CheckerType) error {
+	return hcm.createChecker(volumeID, path, ct, false)
+}
+
+// createChecker decides based on the CheckerType what checker to start for
+// the volume.
+func (hcm *healthCheckManager) createChecker(volumeID, path string, ct CheckerType, shared bool) error {
+	switch ct {
+	case FileCheckerType:
+		return hcm.startFileChecker(volumeID, path, shared)
+	case StatCheckerType:
+		return hcm.startStatChecker(volumeID, path, shared)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// startFileChecker initializes the fileChecker and starts it.
+func (hcm *healthCheckManager) startFileChecker(volumeID, path string, shared bool) error {
+	workdir := filepath.Join(path, ".csi")
+	err := os.Mkdir(workdir, 0o755)
+	if err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to created workdir %q for health-checker: %w", workdir, err)
+	}
+
+	cc := newFileChecker(workdir)
+
+	return hcm.startChecker(cc, volumeID, path, shared)
+}
+
+// startStatChecker initializes the statChecker and starts it.
+func (hcm *healthCheckManager) startStatChecker(volumeID, path string, shared bool) error {
+	cc := newStatChecker(path)
+
+	return hcm.startChecker(cc, volumeID, path, shared)
+}
+
+// startChecker adds the checker to its map and starts it.
+// Shared checkers are key'd by their volumeID, whereas non-shared checkers
+// are key'd by theit volumeID+path.
+func (hcm *healthCheckManager) startChecker(cc ConditionChecker, volumeID, path string, shared bool) error {
+	key := volumeID
+	if shared {
+		key = fallbackKey(volumeID, path)
+	}
+
+	// load the 'old' ConditionChecker if it exists, otherwise store 'cc'
+	old, ok := hcm.checkers.LoadOrStore(key, cc)
+	if ok {
+		// 'old' was loaded, cast it to ConditionChecker
+		_, ok = old.(ConditionChecker)
+		if !ok {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to cast cc to ConditionChecker for volume-id %q", volumeID)
+		}
+	} else {
+		// 'cc' was stored, start it only once
+		cc.start()
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (hcm *healthCheckManager) StopSharedChecker(volumeID string) {
+	hcm.StopChecker(volumeID, "")
+}
+
+func (hcm *healthCheckManager) StopChecker(volumeID, path string) {
+	old, ok := hcm.checkers.LoadAndDelete(fallbackKey(volumeID, path))
+	if !ok {
+		// nothing was loaded, nothing to do
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 'old' was loaded, cast it to ConditionChecker
+	cc, ok := old.(ConditionChecker)
+	if !ok {
+		// failed to cast, should not be possible
+		return
+	}
+	cc.stop()
+}
+
+func (hcm *healthCheckManager) IsHealthy(volumeID, path string) (bool, error) {
+	// load the 'old' ConditionChecker if it exists
+	old, ok := hcm.checkers.Load(volumeID)
+	if !ok {
+		// try fallback which include an optional (unique) path (usually publishTargetPath)
+		old, ok = hcm.checkers.Load(fallbackKey(volumeID, path))
+		if !ok {
+			return true, fmt.Errorf("no ConditionChecker for volume-id: %s", volumeID)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 'old' was loaded, cast it to ConditionChecker
+	cc, ok := old.(ConditionChecker)
+	if !ok {
+		return true, fmt.Errorf("failed to cast cc to ConditionChecker for volume-id %q", volumeID)
+	}
+
+	return cc.isHealthy()
+}
+
+// fallbackKey returns the key for a checker in the map. If the path is empty,
+// it is assumed that the key'd checked is shared.
+func fallbackKey(volumeID, path string) string {
+	if path == "" {
+		return volumeID
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", volumeID, path)
+}
diff --git a/internal/health-checker/manager_test.go b/internal/health-checker/manager_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c44f65b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/health-checker/manager_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2023 ceph-csi authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package healthchecker
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestManager(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	volumeID := "fake-volume-id"
+	volumePath := t.TempDir()
+	mgr := NewHealthCheckManager()
+
+	// expected to have an error in msg
+	healthy, msg := mgr.IsHealthy(volumeID, volumePath)
+	if !(healthy && msg != nil) {
+		t.Error("ConditionChecker was not started yet, did not get an error")
+	}
+
+	t.Log("start the checker")
+	err := mgr.StartChecker(volumeID, volumePath, StatCheckerType)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ConditionChecker could not get started: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	t.Log("check health, should be healthy")
+	healthy, msg = mgr.IsHealthy(volumeID, volumePath)
+	if !healthy || err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("volume is unhealthy: %s", msg)
+	}
+
+	t.Log("stop the checker")
+	mgr.StopChecker(volumeID, volumePath)
+}
+
+func TestSharedChecker(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	volumeID := "fake-volume-id"
+	volumePath := t.TempDir()
+	mgr := NewHealthCheckManager()
+
+	// expected to have an error in msg
+	healthy, msg := mgr.IsHealthy(volumeID, volumePath)
+	if !(healthy && msg != nil) {
+		t.Error("ConditionChecker was not started yet, did not get an error")
+	}
+
+	t.Log("start the checker")
+	err := mgr.StartSharedChecker(volumeID, volumePath, StatCheckerType)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ConditionChecker could not get started: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	t.Log("check health, should be healthy")
+	healthy, msg = mgr.IsHealthy(volumeID, volumePath)
+	if !healthy || err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("volume is unhealthy: %s", msg)
+	}
+
+	t.Log("check health, should be healthy, path is ignored")
+	healthy, msg = mgr.IsHealthy(volumeID, "different-path")
+	if !healthy || err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("volume is unhealthy: %s", msg)
+	}
+
+	t.Log("stop the checker")
+	mgr.StopSharedChecker(volumeID)
+}
diff --git a/internal/health-checker/statchecker.go b/internal/health-checker/statchecker.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d5ef69883
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/health-checker/statchecker.go
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2023 ceph-csi authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package healthchecker
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type statChecker struct {
+	checker
+
+	// dirname points to the directory that is used for checking.
+	dirname string
+}
+
+func newStatChecker(dir string) ConditionChecker {
+	sc := &statChecker{
+		dirname: dir,
+	}
+	sc.initDefaults()
+
+	sc.checker.runChecker = func() {
+		sc.isRunning = true
+
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(sc.interval)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-sc.commands: // STOP command received
+				sc.isRunning = false
+
+				return
+			case now := <-ticker.C:
+				_, err := os.Stat(sc.dirname)
+				if err != nil {
+					sc.mutex.Lock()
+					sc.healthy = false
+					sc.err = err
+					sc.mutex.Unlock()
+
+					continue
+				}
+
+				sc.mutex.Lock()
+				sc.healthy = true
+				sc.err = nil
+				sc.lastUpdate = now
+				sc.mutex.Unlock()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return sc
+}
diff --git a/internal/health-checker/statchecker_test.go b/internal/health-checker/statchecker_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ea247803
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/health-checker/statchecker_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/*
+Copyright 2023 ceph-csi authors.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package healthchecker
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestStatChecker(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	volumePath := t.TempDir()
+	sc := newStatChecker(volumePath)
+	checker, ok := sc.(*statChecker)
+	if !ok {
+		t.Errorf("failed to convert fc to *fileChecker: %v", sc)
+	}
+	checker.interval = time.Second * 5
+
+	// start the checker
+	checker.start()
+
+	// wait a second to get the go routine running
+	time.Sleep(time.Second)
+	if !checker.isRunning {
+		t.Error("checker failed to start")
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		// check health, should be healthy
+		healthy, msg := checker.isHealthy()
+		if !healthy || msg != nil {
+			t.Error("volume is unhealthy")
+		}
+
+		time.Sleep(time.Second)
+	}
+
+	if !checker.isRunning {
+		t.Error("runChecker() exited already")
+	}
+
+	// stop the checker
+	checker.stop()
+}